Netherlands rebelled that the marked the beginning of the Eighty Years War ending with the division of Catholic Belgium from the Protestant Holland. Whilst the brutality of the Duke of Alba’s rule was recorded by his ‘The Massacre of the Innocents’. Bruegel’s ‘The Census of Bethlehem’ was a veiled reference to this burden. The Netherlands was required to paid half of the taxes for the vast Spanish Hapsburg Empire. The country’s wealth was drained in years of wars. Philip II had to declare four state bankruptcies in 1557, 1560, 15. Philip II of Spain was a staunch Catholic - “I would rather sacrifice the lives 100,000 people than let up in my persecution of the heretics.” Philip II of Spain In 1557 Spain became the first nation in history to declare bankruptcy. The commander’s order were to forcibly convert the Protestants, with thousand of Netherlanders sentenced to death. In 1567, Philip II of Spain sent the Duke of Alba with his army to Brussels, which was part of the Netherlands provinces belongs to Spain. It was an age of economic expansion, profound social transformations, religious crises and political upheavals. Slide40: History of the time Bruegel lived in a period of change and turmoil. He was snatched away from us in the flower of his age.” Abraham Ortelius, the cartographer. Return “That Pieter Bruegel was the most perfect painter of his century no one, except a man who is envious, jealous or ignorant of that art will ever deny. In 1559, he changed his name from Brueghel to Bruegel. Most of his well-known paintings are from this period. In 1563, after his marriage, he moved to Brussels where his son Jan and Pieter were born.
Instead he distinguished himself by paintings ordinary people in their daily lives. In spite of his visit, he deliberately rejected the Italian style. He evidently stayed in Calabria, Rome, Naples and the Alps in Austria. However, following technical examinations in 1996. It was long thought to be by the leading painter of Dutch and Flemish Renaissance painting, Pieter Bruegel the Elder. 1450-1516) and Pieter Bruegel the Elder (ca. In 1552-3, he travelled to France and Italy. Landscape with the Fall of Icarus is a painting in oil on canvas measuring 73.5 by 112 centimetres (28.9 in × 44.1 in) in the Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium in Brussels. period including the reuse of popular iconography influenced by the famous painters Hieronymus Bosch (ca. The popular publishing house was the cultural centre and a meeting place for art lovers and scholars. In 1555, he worked with Hieronymus Cock, the publisher of engravings and etchings. In 1551, he was admitted to the Antwerp guild of painters.
Slide39: Life of Pieter Bruegel, the Elder The exact day of his birth is unknown, probably about 1520s near Breda.
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